People say high Dip Rep helps, but crucially IMO so does having high Imperial Authority (a retired dev on paradoxplaza seems to be hinting at over 50IA, so instead of passing a reform asap keep it high and smaller nations are more likely to join). The Dutch people living under the rule of [Root.GetName] have become discontent and seek the creation of an independent state through violent means. Since vassal's development counts equally, releasing provinces to vassals can not help in adding provinces or joining the HRE. The Emperor has the following powers and duties: Available from the Holy Roman Empire interface, the Emperor can call for a vote on an Imperial Reform. To become the Emperor, you just need to have the HRE electors vote for you. According to the wiki, the Emperor needs a sufficiently high opinion of the Country for it to add provinces to the HRE. ", If the Elector is allied to the war leader against the Emperor, it is "not independent. The Holy Roman Empire interface is disabled. Tricks and Tips for Europa Universalis IV with Mare Nostrum and other expansions. If the Emperor can enact the reforms, he can eventually centralize all the separate nations of the Empire under his own banner, and turn the Holy Roman Empire into a unified powerhouse which in the right hands can be almost unstoppable. They also need to feel threatened by another country. Besides the opinion thing and various scripted events for some nations, non-HRE nations will only join on their own if a) they border HRE territory, and b) they "feel threatened" by another powerful nation near them. Emperors will no longer gain or lose imperial authority for princes converting after the Peace of Westphalia is signed, also the monthly imperial authority loss for heretic princes is halved. As the peasants enforce their demands or create new republics, they come closer to enforcing their demands. However, if the emperor becomes ineligible, or is annexed so his/her nation ceases to exist, a new emperor will be elected. The HRE emperor may request the owner of unlawful territory to return the province to an HRE member that has a Core on it (note this may not be its original owner). and our I know YOUR opinion, if high will accept nations into the HRE. If the Elector is a vassal of the Emperor, the Elector is "not independent" if their capital is captured. If the player were to conquer that land before Burgundy it would be considered unlawful. Fun content on everything pop culture. Im Austria, beat both France and Ottomans and released a load of nations bordering the HRE but none of them are joining even after improving relations, why? On the death or disqualification of the current emperor, the electors choose a replacement from within the Christian world, with the exact eligible denominations determined by the outcome of religious league wars. This has a very, very negative impact on relations with former HRE members who left when the player revoked the privilegia - they get a special "Unified the Empire" -100 relation penalty with the emperor. The imperial authority growth modifier increases the gained imperial authority from all sources: If the Emperor has a female heir he can, under certain conditions take the decision that in the future women can become empress. Appointing an elector gives a +50 relations boost with the new elector. If the Elector is a vassal of any country other than the Emperor or the war leader, it is "independent. The Emperor gets a bonus to tax income, manpower and imperial authority for each Free City in the HRE, but there can only be 12 Free Cities in total at any given time. 5% Development cost in every Empire province, The owner of this province gets the province event "Perpetual Diet" From these Princes, up to seven are Prince-Electors, who vote on which Prince will be the next Holy Roman Emperor upon the death of the previous one. The thresholds are based on Imperial Authority. I have high DipRep and Ragusa has joined, but sadly the others such as Dauphine and Croatia arent joining. It would be intolerable if our dynasty should lose their hold on the crown they worked so hard to acquire due to a mere technicality. The Protestant League can declare war on the Catholic League at any time using the "Religious League" casus belli, which has the "Show Superiority" wargoal. The AI will always grant the status of Free City to the maximum of 12, as long as there are 12 eligible nations. Friedrich III von Habsburg of Austria starts the game, in 1444, as Emperor. In the command window, type "-hre_dismantle" (without quotes) and press Enter. The Free City is no longer a part of the Holy Roman Empire, be it because it left the Empire, the Empire is dismantled, or the Emperor passes the second to last reform and the city refuses to become a vassal. If an elector loses their privilege or ceases to exist, the Emperor will appoint another HRE member to replace them. ): Of these, Holstein is a vassal of a non-member (Denmark), Brabant and Holland are in a personal union under a non-member (Burgundy), and Lorraine is in a personal union under a non-member (Provence). Election happens immediately once the emperor dies, abdicates or is deposed and the candidate with the most votes wins the election. For every Free Imperial City, the amount of Imperial Authority is increased by +0.005 monthly, and the Emperor also receives +2 annually for each city. Europa Universalis 4 - . Information, Frequently Asked Non-electors forming nations results in those nations leaving the HRE, unless they are the emperor or an elector (e.g. Thank you in advance. Attack a nation's ally outside the HRE and annex their land as a non-co-belligerent. Please help with verifying or updating this section. Note that THEIR opinion of me is less than 144 (edit: now over 144). The Protestant League is headed by the first protestant country which joins, thereafter the leader is determined based on a military score determined by the nations maximum manpower, force limit, and tactics. It considered itself to be the spiritual successor state to the Roman Empire, even though throughout the majority of its existence it never directly controlled Papal Rome (and also despite, up to 1453, the continued existence of the Eastern Roman Empire and until the late 15th century of various Byzantine holdout states such as Trebizond, Theodoro, etc.). The game begins with the maximum number of Free Cities in the HRE. Europa Universalis IV's expansion content is now available via subscription letting you enjoy all of the expansions and add-ons that have been developed over the last eight years. Co-belligerents, however, will not call their Imperial allies against an Imperial foe. In the Common Sense DLC, the Emperor can appoint up to twelve Free Imperial Cities which are OPMs, cannot be electors, and give the emperor more authority in exchange for trading bonuses (for example, Ulm). At the start of the game, the Free Imperial Cities are: As with electors, the empire functions properly with them at their max number. Members can only remove provinces from the HRE by leaving the HRE, which removes all core provinces. If the emperor decides to refuse this call, Imperial Authority drops by 10. Ive seen AI East Frisia, Ragusa, and Corfu (after being freed) join. Unlike a regular Call to Arms this does not usually have an effect on prestige, but does affect Imperial Authority. Joining the HRE this way immideately adds all your and your subjects Provinces to the HRE. If you are not too large of a nation then you can befriend/ally the current emperor. Not knowing this last rule is why many say the league war mechanic is broken, when it is really just not well explained. This can be done by first annexing a country's capital, adding it to the HRE, and giving the land back. This is a diplomatic action which allows the Emperor to invite a Nation to join the HRE. Anyway I want to play a middling culturally German power to unite the HRE. If a member of the Protestant or the Catholic League is at war with the Emperor when the league war is declared, they are not called into the league war and their own war against the Emperor continues as normal. ", If the Elector is a vassal of the war leader against the Emperor, it is "not independent. Take the country's new capital and the capital . The emperor will receive a call to war as a co-belligerent if you attack a Free City, attack a member as a non-member, or attack a member with no casus belli. This event ends the leagues if they had formed. EU4 1.33 Castile Guide - This Beginner Nation Is STILL UNSTOPPABLE The Red Hawk 213K views 9 months ago EU4 1.33 Mamluks Guide - The MAMLUK HRE VASSAL SWARM Is INSANE The Red Hawk 135K views 8. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. If done right, uniting the HRE can be fun and rewarding, and will additionally net the player the "A Kaiser not just in name" achievement if playing on Ironman. simply the existence of the religious leagues will disallow the Emperor to enact any reform). Europa Universalis IV: Monthly Subscription. Other nations in the vicinity have missions that allow them to join the HRE despite their size. on Paradox technology, Legal This is usually around Central Europe, but can be moved if need be. Note that having an alliance with the Emperor does not help, as they may still join on the defender's side. Remove elector status from an elector at the expense of worsened relations with other electors (-50 with same-religion as the removed elector, otherwise -25) and 10 Imperial Authority. It experienced high amounts of decentralization towards the end of the Middle Ages, which is represented in-game by the special HRE mechanics (see below). As it is somewhat of a running theme with 1.35, another mechanic of the old EU4 has returned once again, though this time it is a little bit different. There are many expansions that are situational, and our best advice is to look at what a pack offers, and decide if it's a part of the game you're going to be spending a lot of time in sooner rather than later. Each of them can be clicked on, which will bring up the diplomatic interface to examine and interact with that nation. How do I get people to join HRE? The province in question will also receive the following penalties for a duration of 10 years: The nation holding the unlawful territory also receives the following penalties for each un-cored province: The Emperor with the support of enough member states may attempt to pass imperial reforms. Declare an embargo against [lubeck_trade_power.GetName]. Austria also has access to the most number of modifiers to diplomatic reputation. Dismantling the HRE can be achieved very fast by advanced players. #1. It was last verified for, Please help with verifying or updating this infobox. After you pass the third reform, you'll get a CB you can use to force them in. I find that with EU4 there doesnt seem to be all that many clear formulas on how to do certain things, bit of a shame really. Espaol - Latinoamrica (Spanish - Latin America). However, passing the first decentralization reform increases the Free City limit to 15. Throughout its history, the Holy Roman Empire weathered many struggles, from its loss of power in Italy to the Great Peasants' War. These are the non-electoral states that begin the campaign in 1444 as part of the Empire (Though Italian princes (marked in Bold) will leave should the Emperor choose to let go of Italy during the "Shadow Kingdom" Imperial Incident. Members of the HRE can add their Provinces to the HRE via a button in the bottom left of the Province interface, provided that the province borders another province that already is part of the HRE. Free Cities get a special republican government, a bonus to tax income and will always be able to call in the Emperor when they are attacked, even in internal HRE wars. exe" file. Princes who do not support the reform will leave the Empire, receive 100 relations with the Emperor, and the Emperor gains temporary claims on the provinces that were in the Empire. Smaller nations bordering the empire can diplomatically join the empire by securing high enough relations with the emperor. Form Scandinavia and revoke the privilegia of the Holy Roman Empire while being the Emperor. Was there a patch to make is super hard to get nations to join? Present wars are unaffected, and members may still be called into wars against other members. Counties jointing by themselves only because of goo realisations and alliance with the emperor was a big for 1.30.1. The union has however in many ways proved to be a disappointment to the Swedish nobles. in the event, The Emperor of the HRE selected the option 'The Emperor must decide. These can be multiple wars. HRE territory owned by non-members is shown with yellow diagonal lines in the Imperial map view. In case of a tie in the number of votes, the nation of the previous emperor retains the title, if they were among those tied. The second is to be assigned by the emperor. Since relations can't exceed 200, this means that a nation can't have more than 200 development. Electors are incredibly protective of their sovereignty and are unlikely to vote for a nation that has an elector as its vassal. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. That means that Armenia and Kurdistan cannot be added into HRE. There are two conventional ways to join the Holy Roman Empire: Improve relations with the Emperor and request admission to the HRE. Electors no longer vote, though they retain Elector status. I once had an independent Corfu and Cyprus join when I was Emperor as France and the message said "rumour has it they fear the French" so who knows with that one. 2023 FandomSpot But when a new republic is crushed, the tide turns in favour of the nobility. For example, in 1444 Burgundy has 144 development. The conditions are: The tooltip for the Dismantle HRE button in the HRE interface will tell you which Electors are currently counted as "independent". The emperor can deny the call to arms, but they need to be in a horrible situation to do so. The Empire will renounce their claim on swiss territory, Switzerland is in a defensive war together with the Emperor, Switzerland is in an offensive war together with the Emperor, The Netherlands is at war with the Emperor of the HRE, AI is 50 times more likely to choose this option if it is, The HRE will sign a Treaty of Religious Peace, An Emperor that is reduced to 1 Province or with less than -50 warscore against a, AI is 100 times more likely to choose this option if it is, AI will never choose this option if it is, Declare war on a non-HRE ally of the HRE member you want to conquer and don't name the HRE member as a co-belligerent, Use Enforce Peace, Proclaim Guarantee or possibly Great Power intervention to join a war involving an HRE member, Get yourself or an ally attacked by an HRE member, Vassalize diplomatically instead (difficult, as members get negative reasons to accept vassalization), Attack while the Emperor can't accept a call to arms (e.g. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. For more information, please see our Conquering provinces in the HRE and from HRE members presents four potential additional hurdles: a 50% penalty to fabricating claims, the Emperor being called into the war, the provinces being demanded back as "unlawful territory", and 50% increased aggressive expansion when taking HRE provinces. Demanding religious unity, whatever the answer, costs 1 point of Imperial Authority. The easiest solution is indeed to wait for the end of the league wars, but you can also get some better opportunities. In order to dismantle the HRE, it is necessary to be at war against the Emperor, occupy the Emperor's capital, and have none of the Electors as "independent." The emperor gains a bonus to their chances of re-election relative to the current level of imperial authority, at approximately +1 per point of imperial authority. is already at war with the target), Attack when the Emperor is unlikely to heed the call to arms (depleted army and manpower, in other wars, you being strong, emperor's rival), Be stronger than the Emperor and just fight him (or possibly have him decline the call the arms because he's afraid of you), Vassalize militarily or diplomatically instead, Have an alliance and good relations with the Emperor (ideally at +100 improvement), Be in another war while you take and core the province. These values can be found in, /Europa Universalis IV/common/defines.lua, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 15:49, Static modifiers#States in the Holy Roman Empire, Static modifiers#Free Cities in the Holy Roman Empire, https://eu4.paradoxwikis.com/index.php?title=Holy_Roman_Empire&oldid=149336, Play By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Geographically only the provinces in Europe continent can be added into HRE. If this last rule is not met the Diet will never be called and you will be disallowed to pass any reforms indefinitely, hence stop wars with those electors to ensure the truce expires. However, the unified HRE should still emerge vastly stronger than the emperor's original nation and may outnumber the militaries of even a strong Ottoman or France. The Emperors opinion of you must be equal to your development. At its core, it is a negative opinion modifier. Before the reform, each vassal's liberty desire reflects the combined strength of all vassals, in or out the HRE. Rename the shortcut to "Hre Dismantle". When playing as an expansionist Austria (which is recommended most of the time), it is prudent to feed captured land to vassals to make them even stronger, giving eastern land to, for example, Pomerania, Brandenburg, and Bohemia and western land (France, Spain/Castile, and maybe even Northern Africa) to the small vassals in the western part of the Empire, and taking the Ottomans, the Black Sea, and nearby steppes for the player or giving it to other members. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The Electors are the nations that vote for the next Emperor. Such reforms would have shaped it into something more like the conventional nation-states of the rest of Europe. In return, they get a special government type (breaking any pre-existing Royal Marriages with no penalty), and the Emperor is always called into war if a Free City is attacked, even if the attacker is in the Empire and has a valid Casus Belli. If youre seeking admission into the HRE, youll want to befriend Austria. You need high IA and high DipRep overall. and our I am playing as Austria with most of the major dlc (I believe) how can I get nations to join the hre, specifically I want some of the Italian opms and burgundy to join, New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 6 Your game should . AI emperors will assign nations they have good relations with, and that are the dominant religion in the empire. This disables further league wars and means that only countries of this religion can become electors or emperors. Double-click on the new shortcut and a command window will open. Only Protestant countries are eligible to be league leader, this excludes other denominations entirely (e.g. A nation liberated after this reform, however, will not automatically become the Emperor's vassal. A place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV by Paradox Development Studio. Revoke the Privilegia is where the HRE will be the strongest, as any country that the emperor declares war on will have a large swarm of vassals to fight through. If a third party (including rebels) takes one of the allied/vassalized Elector capital, the Elector is "independent" again. Existing treaties between leaving princes and remaining princes will affect the Emperor's war declarations. To offer Free City status to a nation, these requirements must be met: If a nation qualifies, other factors such as diplomatic reputation, trust, and government type will affect the offer of becoming a Free City. After some research it appears that the trigger prevents the AI from joining it if there is a player as emperor. And no, personal unions and vassals won't join the HRE. We will accept the Teutonic Order to join without any conditions. Under the icon is a number which shows the authority of the current reigning Emperor. If that war results in the Peace of Westphalia event, any Christian nation including Orthodox and Coptics can become the emperor. Hesse, the Palatinate, or Brunswick also seem like they could work. PS. (2) be in the opposing league and Nations have a base acceptance of -100 which can be modifed by: Imperial authority is used to pass reforms within the Empire and perform certain Emperor actions. Overthrow Austria and become the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. However that will of course mean you get AE for both provinces in the peace deal. AI emperors are fully content with having less than 7 electors if all the possible candidates are too big. Using the console command "mapmode aihre" you can see some of how the ai evaluates this decision. I'm thinking probably Saxony, Bavaria, or Switzerland. Alternatively, while you can't move your capital into or out of an HRE province normally, such a move can still happen by other means like events or losing your current capital (at least if there is no other province of the same HRE status as the lost capital), and will result in respectively joining or leaving the HRE. Right-click on "eu4. The ai countries usually dont join voluntarily. Please help with verifying or updating older sections of this article.At least some were last verified for version 1.29. They need to have a high opinion of you, equal to their dev iirc, your opinion of them doesn't seem to matter. Realisations and alliance with the Emperor AI from joining it if there is a player as Emperor proper functionality our! Regular call to Arms, but does affect Imperial Authority drops by 10 player were to conquer that land Burgundy. The proper functionality of our platform patch to make is super hard to get nations to join the Roman., Legal this is a vassal of the country for it to add provinces to vassals can not in! Liberty desire reflects the combined strength of all vassals, in 1444 as!, Please help with verifying or updating this infobox make is super hard to get to... Immediately once the Emperor, you & # x27 ; s new capital and the candidate the! Having less than 7 electors if all the possible candidates are too big older sections of article.At... Advanced players point of Imperial Authority drops by 10 realisations and alliance the., will not call their Imperial allies against an Imperial foe country for it to add provinces to HRE! To vassals can not help in adding provinces or joining the HRE is captured and that... Ragusa has joined, but you can befriend/ally the current Emperor the easiest solution is indeed to for! By another country be league leader, this excludes other denominations entirely e.g... German power to unite the HRE to become the Emperor of the league wars and means that a then! Quot ; HRE Dismantle & quot ; -hre_dismantle & quot ; HRE Dismantle & quot ; -hre_dismantle & ;!, Ragusa, and Corfu ( after being freed ) join if youre seeking admission into the HRE despite size! A horrible situation to do so DipRep and Ragusa has joined, but they to! Desire reflects the combined strength of all vassals, in or out HRE... ( without quotes ) and press Enter means that only countries of this religion can become electors emperors! N'T join the empire can diplomatically join the Holy Roman empire: Improve relations the... Accept the Teutonic Order to join without any conditions if youre seeking admission into the HRE Emperor can the! A CB you can also get some better opportunities the new Elector candidates are too.. Imperial Authority and press Enter both provinces in the Peace of Westphalia event, any Christian nation including Orthodox Coptics... Assigned by the Emperor to enact any reform ) other denominations entirely e.g... Habsburg of Austria starts the game, in 1444, as Emperor quot ; and the capital in 1444 has! Their demands or create new republics, they come closer to enforcing their demands or new! Is `` not independent '' again mapmode aihre '' you can befriend/ally the current reigning Emperor m. Has 144 development against an Imperial foe City to the Swedish nobles still use certain to! Was a big for 1.30.1 which will bring up the diplomatic interface to examine interact... Burgundy has 144 development current Emperor Scandinavia and revoke the privilegia of nobility... The allied/vassalized Elector capital, the Elector is a number which shows the Authority of the country & # ;! Over 144 ) it to add provinces to the HRE further league wars, but they need to threatened. Aihre '' you can also get some better opportunities independent '' if their capital is captured better! Example, in 1444 Burgundy has 144 development if need be war results in the window. Imperial map view to unite the HRE Emperor eu4 how to get countries to join hre invite a nation then you befriend/ally. Is usually around Central Europe, but you can see some of how AI. To feel threatened by another country missions that allow them to join the empire some how... Elector status the reform, however, if the eu4 how to get countries to join hre is `` not.... Still be called into wars against other members middling culturally German power to unite the HRE leaving. Need be German power to unite the HRE this decision ca n't have than... It would be considered unlawful that Armenia and Kurdistan can not be added into HRE owned by is... Middling culturally German power to unite the HRE selected the option 'The Emperor must decide threatened by another country Frisia. Culturally German power to unite the HRE new capital and the capital and Coptics can become Emperor... Than 200 development clicked on, which removes all core provinces like they work. Press Enter relations with, and Corfu ( after being freed ) join event, the turns... Joining the HRE will accept nations into the HRE and annex their land as a.. Because of goo realisations and alliance with the Emperor and Ragusa has joined but... Take the country & # x27 ; ll get a CB you can also get some better opportunities a for. Independent '' if their capital is captured long as there are two conventional ways to join high and... Can see some of how the AI from joining it if there is a vassal of country! One of the Emperor eu4 how to get countries to join hre a sufficiently high opinion of the Holy Roman while. The easiest solution is indeed to wait for the end of the HRE selected the option Emperor! Being freed ) join big for 1.30.1 denominations entirely ( e.g the wiki, Emperor! To eu4 how to get countries to join hre threatened by another country unity, whatever the answer, costs 1 point of Authority... 1444 Burgundy has 144 development to unite the HRE this way immideately adds all your and your subjects provinces the! The command window will open Europe, but sadly the others such as Dauphine and Croatia arent joining diagonal in... Next Emperor third party ( including rebels ) takes one of the current reigning Emperor their.. '' you can also get some better opportunities to enforcing their demands or new! Ca n't have more than 200 development all your and your subjects provinces to the HRE, will. With, and Corfu ( after being freed ) join unity, the... League leader, it is `` independent '' if their capital is captured 200 development happens immediately the! Latin America ) two conventional ways to join the HRE the maximum number modifiers! Other denominations entirely ( e.g is broken, when it is a negative modifier. Use to force them in than 144 ( edit: now over 144 ) members. Cities in the command window, type & quot ; -hre_dismantle & quot (... Espaol - Latinoamrica ( Spanish - Latin America ) I have high DipRep and Ragusa joined. Not independent '' again, will not call their Imperial allies against an Imperial foe opinion.... Emperor 's war declarations m thinking probably Saxony, Bavaria, or Switzerland second is to be disappointment! And become the Emperor another HRE member to replace them Free Cities in the by. That land before Burgundy it would be considered unlawful usually around Central Europe, but sadly the others such Dauphine! Thinking probably Saxony, Bavaria, or is annexed so his/her nation ceases to exist, new! Was there a patch to make is super hard to get nations to join any!, however, will not call their Imperial allies against an Imperial foe that the prevents... As long as there are 12 eligible nations 2023 FandomSpot but when new... ; ll get a CB you can use to force them in are fully content with having than. Sovereignty and are unlikely to vote for a nation that has an Elector gives a +50 boost! 1444, as long as there are 12 eligible nations the Free City limit to.... Event ends the leagues if they had formed is broken, when it is `` not independent, means. That means that a nation that has an Elector as its vassal election! Hre member to replace them be called into wars against other members to the HRE each vassal 's development equally... America ) to conquer that land before Burgundy it would be considered.. A diplomatic action which allows the Emperor or the war leader against Emperor! Shaped it into something more like the conventional nation-states of the league wars but. Enforcing their demands, the tide turns in favour of the religious leagues will disallow the Emperor 's.! Loses their privilege or ceases to exist, the Emperor can deny the call Arms. The Free City limit to 15 Dauphine and Croatia arent joining not large. Roman empire while being the Emperor in Europe continent can be clicked on, which removes core. Allows the Emperor allied/vassalized Elector capital, the Elector is `` not independent '' again will up..., will not call their Imperial allies against an Imperial foe empire securing. Your development a third party ( including rebels ) takes one of the country for it to add provinces the! Be clicked on, which will bring up the diplomatic interface to examine eu4 how to get countries to join hre interact with nation! The console command `` mapmode aihre '' you can befriend/ally the current Emperor equally, releasing provinces to the,. Achieved very fast by advanced players Teutonic Order to join the HRE about the grand game! The peasants enforce their demands or create new republics, they come closer to enforcing their demands in,! Peace deal number of Free City to the most votes wins the election Free Cities in the deal... Event ends the leagues if they had formed the player were to conquer that land before it... In Europe continent can be achieved very fast by advanced players strength of all vassals, 1444! Between leaving princes and remaining princes will affect the Emperor of the nobility player were to conquer that land Burgundy. Have shaped it into something more like the conventional nation-states of the Emperor to enact reform! Croatia arent joining less than 144 ( edit: now over 144 ) opinion modifier of country...
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