The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. [17][18] He was baptized by Eleazer Miller. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. [10] They first resided in a small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. Miller was arrested, but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [39], Under Young's direction, the quorum organized the exodus of Latter Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois in 1838. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. 1,204,523 People also liked On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. The status of four was unknown. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. However, Young later testified that he cut Lee off when he started to describe the massacre because he could not bear to hear the details. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. They were from Arkansas." Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . . [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston says its policy won't allow DJ Ferguson to have the surgery since not being vaccinated seriously hurts its chances for success and his long-term outlook. [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. But these weren't necessarily traditional partnerships: two of the women Young married were his mothers-in-law from previous weddings and some of his wives already had . [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. . [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. 5 min read. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. "[9], Young married Miriam Angeline Works, whom he had met in Port Byron in October 1824. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. [99] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[100]. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph," a term people in the Church used to refer to indigenous people. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. Bridger Walker and his sister. Dates. [182] Some of Young's descendants have become leaders in the LDS Church, as well as prominent political and cultural figures. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. 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